Epidemiological study of betel nut chewing among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city, Hunan province / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of betel nut chewing and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city, Hunan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the standard of the third national oral health epidemiological investigation, the subjects were selected through a two-stage random sampling procedure. A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among students by random sampling from 6 schools, and oral examination was performed to find the prevalence of OSF.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 4087 eligible students, 4019 students participated in the survey(98.3%). Among the 4019 students, there were 498 betel nut chewers, the prevalence of betel nut chewing was 12.4%, which was much higher in male than in female students (437/2073, 21.1% vs 61/1946, 3.1%, P < 0.05). The proportion of students who were chewing areca nuts increased with increasing grades (P < 0.05). The prevalence was highest in senior schools (229/1077, 21.3%)and lowest in elementary schools (126/1983, 6.4%). Most students who were chewing areca nuts in elementary school obtained betel nuts from their parents (61/126, 48.4%), but most middle school betel nut chewers obtained betel nuts from their friends (88/143, 61.5% and 165/229, 72.1%). Five OSF cases (0.12%) were diagnosed among the 4019 students, all of them were male senior school students.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Betel nut chewing was common and OSF cases were found among elementary and middle school students in Loudi city. There were more male than female students who were chewing betel nut.</p>

Effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of hTERT in oral keratinocytes / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of arecoline and nicotine on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and protein in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (KC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experiments were divided into arecoline group, arecoline/nicotine group and control group. The hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Arecoline could induce the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC in a dose dependent manner, the hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC was higher in 0.030, 0.060, 0.090 g/L arecoline group than control group (P < 0.001). Nicotine (0.025 g/L) increased hTERT mRNA and protein expression of KC induced by arecoline.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Arecoline could increase the expression of hTERT mRNA and protein in oral keratinocytes. Nicotine had a synergistic effect on arecoline. hTERT over-expression induced by arecoline and nicotine may play an important role in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis.</p>

Effect of arecoline on the differentiation of myofibroblasts of oral mucosa / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the origin of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. The expression of the alpha-smooth muscle actin in the fibroblasts was examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No difference was found in expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin between the fibroblasts that were directly stimulated by arecoline and the control. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the keratinocyte and fibroblast-cocultured group was higher than in the control group, and higher in fibroblasts cocultured with keratinocytes preprocessed by arecoline than in fibroblasts cocultured with keratinocytes without preprocessed by arecoline.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis might be induced by the interaction of arecoline and keratinocyte.</p>